QoS (MQTT)
MQTT delivery guarantees: 0, 1, or 2.
MQTT quality of service: QoS 0 (at most once), QoS 1 (at least once, may duplicate), QoS 2 (exactly once). Negotiated per hop and capped by the subscription — publishing high to a low-QoS subscriber still delivers at most once.
See also: MQTT · Sparkplug B